Risk factors for the development of varicose veins
- Heredity.
- Pregnancy is traditionally considered one of the main risk factors for the development of varicose veins, more frequent (3-4 times) damage to women.
- Obesity is a proven risk factor for varicose veins.At the same time, an increase in the body weight index to 27 kg/m2 and above leads to an increase in the frequency of the disease by 33%.
- The lifestyle has a significant impact on the development and course of varicose veins.In particular, the adverse effect of prolonged static loads with lifting weights or a motionless stay in the standing position and sitting has been proven
- On the course of varicose veins, close underwear, various corsets that increase intra -abdominal pressure have adverse effects.
- The high frequency of varicose veins in industrialized countries is to some extent due to nutritional characteristics.A high degree of food processing and reduction in the diet of raw vegetables and fruits led to a constant deficiency of plant fibers necessary for remodeling of the venous wall and chronic constipation, which cause permanent increase in intra -abdominal pressure.
- Dishormonal conditions are involved in the pathogenesis of varicose veins.Their role in recent years has progressively increasing, which is due to the wide use of hormonal contraception means, the popularization of hormone replacement therapy during the occurrence of menopause and in the treatment of osteoporosis.It is proved that estrogens and progesterone, as well as their derivatives, reduce the tone of the venous wall due to the gradual destruction of collagen and elastic fibers.
Clinical picture of varicose veins
Varicose veins-This is a disease that is not indifferent to the beautiful sex.A varicose veins of the female veins are sick on average three times more often than men.
Signs of varicose veins- knotted extensions of subcutaneous veins, pain, heaviness in the legs, swelling of the foot and lower leg, fatigue in the legs by the end of the day.Varicose nodes are often prone to the formation of blood clots and infection.Phlebitis may develop - inflammation of blood vessels orthrombophlebitis- inflammation of the vessels complicated by blood clots.In the course of the veins there are hard, very painful cords.The skin changes, loses its elasticity and color-it becomes dense, dark brown.With easy injury, ulcers occur.A young woman can become a disabled person at the age of 40.
One of the serious complications of varicose veins is thrombophlebitis - a process in which a thrombus with subsequent inflammation forms on the inner wall of the vein.This pathology is dangerous in that the blood clot can come off with the flow of blood to enter the pulmonary artery (TEL - the pulmonary artery thromboembolism) and lead to the death of a person.That is why varicose veins is a dangerous disease that must be treated.
Symptoms of varicose veins (these are the symptoms should make you be wary):
1. Pain.
The causes of pain in varicose veins are very, very numerous.A variety of pain in varicose veins is also very rich:
- Hot pulsating pain,
- Night cramps and itching in the muscles,
- Pain when walking
- Pain along the venous trunks,
- General pain and lymar in the legs
2. Swelling in the legs.
3. A sense of bursting and severity in the legs.
4. Changes in the skin.At first, the skin becomes dry, pigmentation appears - the skin of the legs darkens, covered with brown “spots”.Later, various dermatitis, eczema and the so -called trophic disorders in the form of poorly healing wounds up to the formation of ulcers can join these symptoms.
5. A convoluted, elongated varicose veins protruding above the surface of the skin of the legs and feet, with cylindrical or mixed extensions.
6. Vascular stars (telangioectasia).Yes, people with varicose veins are also included in the group of patients with the expansion of small veins, since the causes of their appearance are the same.
The earliest stages of the development of varicose veins are very difficult to detect and diagnosis, because in the very early stages of the disease there is no main feature - varicose veins.And the first and earliest symptoms of varicose veins, such as the sensation of the severity of the legs, moderate pain in the legs, increased fatigue, are also found with the initial stages of arterial diseases, flat feet, lumbar osteochondrosis.In such difficult cases, it is impossible to make the correct diagnosis itself - you will need a consultation of a doctor or even several specialists - a phlebologist, a neurologist, a surgeon and a manual therapist.High -precision instrumental diagnostic methods, such as ultrasound, will also be required.
In Phlebology, such symptoms are associated with the beginning of pathological blood flow through deep veins.
Most often, women notice the first signs of varicose veins in the spring, when you can change the wardrobe, but it is not known where the venous “patterns” came from on the legs, legs and hips.The leg is deformed, becomes blue and ugly.
The very first symptoms of varicose veins of the legs, along which you yourself can suspect the onset of varicose veins, is an increase in the vein pattern on the skin of the legs.This defect, as already noted, is most often noted by young women: on the legs or hips they notice wreaths, which were not there before.
And often, such symptoms of a beginning varicose disease precede the appearance of pain and other unpleasant sensations.Often the first “finds” of veins are not accompanied by absolutely no unpleasant sensations.
Women are worried about this vascular net only as a cosmetic defect.Such patients are often if they turn to specialists, then only to eliminate cosmetic discomfort.
If you have thin and pale skin, then the first symptoms of beginning varicose veins are especially clearly visible.These are thin veins that do not even protrude above the surface of the skin.The first symptoms of varicose veins can also look like a network of thin bluish vessels under the skin.
There may not be other complaints at the beginning of varicose veins.
The onset of development and progression of varicose veins is already manifested by varicose nodes protruding above the surface of the skin - one or more.This is the main symptom of the beginning varicose disease.
Varicose nodes can be detected most often on the inner surface of the legs or hips.With long walking or prolonged standing, such a symptom of varicose veins as fatigue, severity in the legs, a sense of bursting (often in calves) is manifested.These symptoms are especially clearly manifested with prolonged stay in a sitting or standing position.There is also aching or acute pain in places of varicose veins (dilated veins), convulsions in the calf muscles, especially in the evening, and sometimes at night.The first signs of dysfunction in the veins are also manifested by swelling of the legs to the end of the day.Edema usually occurs in the evening, especially after prolonged standing.After night rest, swelling completely disappear.
These symptoms of varicose expansion initially quickly pass, if you relax, especially if you lie down.However, the disappearance or significant decrease in these symptoms when walking and after night rest are very characteristic of varicose disease symptoms.
But varicose veins, if they are seriously not engaged in, does not retreat, progresses.Over time, such symptoms of varicose veins appear as convincing dark blue intradermal veins, protruding above the surface of the skin of the legs and feet and similar to the clusters of a very mature red grapes.All this is accompanied by bursting pain in the legs and calves, a feeling of heat in the legs, nightly convulsions in the calf muscles, swelling.Gradually, skin changes join these symptoms.At first the skin becomes dry, it darkens, a pigment appears on it - brown spots.A little later the so-called trophic disorders begin to join: poorly healing explosures and even ulcers.
Pain begins to bother more and more often, especially in the afternoon or in the evenings.
Treatment of varicose veins
There are many approaches to the treatment of varicose veins, but today the most effective method in treatment is a surgical surgery -VENECTOMY.Medication and compression therapy are used as auxiliary methods in surgical treatment, and as independent methods in the initial stages of varicose veins and the presence of contraindications for surgical treatment.
The treatment of varicose veins should be complex and individual, most often includes a combination of conservative and surgical treatment.
Types of surgical treatment of varicose veins:
- Classical phlebectomy
- Laser coagulation
- Combined method
For the treatment of varicose veins, modern medicine uses laser surgery (EVLC).This method involves intravascular laser coagulation.EVLC- An intravascular laser is an advanced method for treating varicose veins.Laser exposure is a procedure that takes an intermediate position between Non-chirurgicam and surgical methods of treating the disease.
DignityEVLC- This is a radical, but low -traumatic way of treatment.After such procedures, the patient can leave the clinic after a few hours, being in good physical condition.Such treatment is carried out in operating conditions and using local anesthesia.
The most modern laser devices are currently used.At the same time, the patient's problem areas are exposed to a laser with the optimal wavelength (1470 nm).The radial luminary used provides reliable closing of the vein.In this case, there are no side effects and the surrounding tissues do not heat up.That is why after such an operation the number of bruises is reduced, and the postoperative period passes easily and painlessly.
The operation is not accompanied by cuts, does not leave pigmentation and scars.After 3 weeks after surgery, the patient’s legs acquire a normal look without varicose nodes.Such treatment of varicose veins has become widespread in Western countries.For large varicose veins, EVLC is used in combination with Microphlebectomy.This allows you to get a good aesthetic result.
Advantages of using EVLC:
- Quick recovery
- Small trauma
- High cosmetic effect
- Lack of marks on the skin from remote varicose veins
- Treatment is carried out under local anesthesia (TUMECENT anesthesia)
- Lack of pain syndrome
- High therapeutic effect
Possible complications
Treatment with a laser technique has practically no complications.Rare complications include burns, the probability of venous thrombophlebitis and paresthesia in the operated area.However, experienced phlebologists guarantee a qualitative result.
Such operations do not violate the lifestyle of the patient.After the intervention, it is necessary to wear compression stockings in order to provide a slight pressure on the veins.Special products are applied to the area of especially large varicose nodes - cotton rollers or latex pads.After the laser procedure, the patient is recommended to take walks daily.
The treatment of varicose veins with a laser ensures the preservation of the ability to work and physical activity.